Journal: Vision
Article Title: Impact of Simulated Astigmatism on Visual Acuity, Stereopsis, and Reading in Young Adults
doi: 10.3390/vision9040099
Figure Lengend Snippet: Boxplot shows the lower limit, 1st quartile, median, 3rd quartile, upper limit, and outliers of the measures for the three groups (ATR—against-the-rule astigmatism; WTR—with-the-rule astigmatism; OBL—oblique astigmatism) with different powers of simulated astigmatism on distance BCVA (logMAR) compared to the baseline. BCVA—best correct visual acuity; DS—diopters sphere; DC—diopters cylinder.
Article Snippet: The inclusion criteria included: (1) no evidence of ocular disease; (2) both sexes; (3) aged between 18 and 35 years; (4) spherical refractive errors ≤ ±2.00 D without or with astigmatism ≤ −0.75 DC, and anisometropia with interocular difference in SE ≤ 0.50 diopters sphere (DS) (ocular refraction was performed under cycloplegia with the instillation of a drop of 1% tropicamide, Mydriacyl 1%, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland, and the examination was performed after 30 min); (5) best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.00 logMAR or better in both eyes; (6) normal binocular vision (orthophoria by cover/uncover test and presence of sensory fusion by the Bagolini striated lens test); (7) accommodation amplitude (AA) equal to or greater than that estimated by Hoffstetter’s formula (15 D−0.25 × age in years); (8) near point of convergence ≤ 10 cm; and (9) positive fusional vergence and negative fusional vergence with prism bar for distance and near, within normal values, distance and near, respectively, for convergence 45 Δ /40 Δ and 25 Δ /20 Δ and for divergence 14 Δ /14 Δ and 8 Δ /6 Δ [ ].
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